Nine Inch Nails (NIN) is an American industrial rock band formed by Trent Reznor in Cleveland, Ohio, in 1988. Reznor, the sole official member until Atticus Ross joined in 2016, wrote, performed, and produced most material, blending synth-pop, industrial aggression, and rock elements. The debut album Pretty Hate Machine (1989) featured singles like 'Head Like a Hole' and sold over three million copies in the US. Key releases include the EP Broken (1992), which won a Grammy Award, and The Downward Spiral (1994), which reached number two on the Billboard 200. After disputes with TVT Records, Reznor founded Nothing Records. The band has released eleven studio albums, with later works like With Teeth (2005) and Year Zero (2007). NIN performances evolved from early challenging shows supporting acts like Skinny Puppy to polished live sets, notably on the Lollapalooza tour, known for intense production and musicianship.