Pennywise formed in 1988 in Hermosa Beach, California, by Jim Lindberg (vocals), Fletcher Dragge (guitar), Byron McMackin (drums), and Jason Thirsk (bass). The band developed a style blending hardcore punk, melodic surf punk, and skate punk, signed to Epitaph Records, and released their self-titled debut album in 1991. They gained recognition with albums including Unknown Road (1993), About Time (1995), and Full Circle (1997), following the 1996 death of bassist Thirsk, replaced by Randy Bradbury. Songs such as 'Bro Hymn,' 'Fuck Authority,' and 'Alien' addressed themes of positivity and societal issues. The band has released twelve studio albums to date. Pennywise built an international audience through extensive touring, known for high-energy live performances that feature fast-paced anthems and crowd participation.