UB40 formed in December 1978 in Birmingham, England, by eight friends from diverse ethnic backgrounds, including English, Scottish, Irish, Yemeni, and Jamaican heritage. The band's name derives from the Unemployment Benefit Form 40 issued to claimants during Britain's economic hardships. Initially influenced by jazz-dub-reggae, they developed a style blending reggae rhythms with pop elements and political themes reflecting working-class struggles. Their debut single 'King'/'Food for Thought' reached No. 4 on the UK Singles Chart in 1980, followed by albums like Signing Off (1980) and the Labour of Love series (starting 1983), which covered reggae classics and sold millions. UB40 placed over 50 singles on the UK chart, sold more than 70 million records worldwide, and received four Grammy nominations for Best Reggae Album. The original lineup remained stable until 2008, when vocalist Ali Campbell departed, replaced by his brother Duncan Campbell; further changes included Duncan's 2021 retirement and Matt Doyle becoming lead vocalist. Known for energetic live performances honed through early Birmingham gigs and tours, such as supporting The Pretenders.